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Documentation/Data & Methodology/Glossary

Glossary

The regulatory, commercial and Qope-specific vocabulary used across the product.

Regulatory

ANDA -- Abbreviated New Drug Application. The pathway for a generic small-molecule drug referencing an approved brand.

NDA -- New Drug Application. The pathway for a new small-molecule drug.

BLA -- Biologics License Application. The pathway for a biological product.

BPCIA -- Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act. Grants a reference biologic 12 years of exclusivity, after which FDA may license a biosimilar.

Orange Book -- FDA's list of approved small-molecule drug products with therapeutic equivalence evaluations, patent listings and exclusivity data.

Purple Book -- The equivalent list for licensed biological products, including biosimilars and interchangeables.

RLD -- Reference Listed Drug. The approved product an ANDA filer references. Its presence means the molecule is ANDA-ready.

RS -- Reference Standard. The product FDA designates for bioequivalence testing.

TE code -- Therapeutic Equivalence code. Codes beginning with A (AA, AB, AN, AO, AP, AT) mean the product is therapeutically equivalent to the reference and can be substituted at the pharmacy. Codes beginning with B mean it cannot.

AB rating -- The most common A-code. Without it, a pharmacist cannot automatically substitute a generic for the brand.

Exclusivity -- FDA-granted marketing protection, separate from patents. New chemical entity, orphan drug, pediatric and first-generic exclusivities all have different terms.

Tentative approval -- FDA has found a generic application acceptable but cannot approve it because patent or exclusivity still blocks entry. Qope calls these staged generics.

506C notice -- A manufacturer's notification to FDA that it is discontinuing or interrupting production. Appears on the shortage list with status TO BE DISCONTINUED. Not a shortage.

Recall classification -- Class I is the most serious (reasonable probability of serious harm or death), Class II is moderate, Class III is unlikely to cause harm.

UNII -- Unique Ingredient Identifier. FDA's identifier for a substance.

NDC -- National Drug Code. Identifies labeler, product and package.

FEI number -- FDA Establishment Identifier, assigned to a registered facility.

Commercial and access

340B -- The federal drug pricing programme requiring manufacturers to offer discounts to covered entities, including FQHCs.

FQHC -- Federally Qualified Health Center. A HRSA-funded safety-net primary care organisation.

-- An organisation meeting FQHC requirements without federal funding.

Look-alike

HPSA -- Health Professional Shortage Area. A HRSA designation for primary care, dental or mental health shortage, carrying a score from 0 to 26 where higher means greater shortage.

MUA and MUP -- Medically Underserved Area and Medically Underserved Population, scored by the Index of Medical Underservice (IMU). Lower IMU means more underserved.

ACO -- Accountable Care Organization. A provider group taking accountability for cost and quality for a population of Medicare beneficiaries.

MSSP -- Medicare Shared Savings Program, the largest ACO programme.

NADAC -- National Average Drug Acquisition Cost. What pharmacies actually pay to acquire a drug.

MDRP -- Medicaid Drug Rebate Program. Its drug list carries termination dates that reveal supply exits early.

Part B -- Medicare medical benefit. Covers physician-administered drugs. Part B drugs do not appear in Part D prescribing data.

Part D -- Medicare outpatient prescription drug benefit.

LIS -- Low Income Subsidy under Part D.

PI criteria -- Promoting Interoperability criteria, the successor to Meaningful Use. Hospitals attest to meeting them using certified health IT.

CHPL -- Certified Health IT Product List, maintained by ONC.

NPI -- National Provider Identifier. The 10-digit identifier for a US healthcare provider.

NPPES -- The registry that issues and publishes NPIs.

HCPCS -- The procedure coding system used for Medicare billing.

Qope terms

Contestability tier -- Greenfield, Open, Crowded or Eroded. How many generics are actively marketed on a molecule, and therefore how open the market is to a new entrant.

Supplier tier -- Single source, Thin supply, Moderate or Deep supply. How many distinct Orange Book applicants still market an approved product for a molecule in shortage, by the same route as the short product. Listings flagged discontinued do not count.

Structural shortage -- A shortage on a single-source or thin-supply molecule, so at most three manufacturers still market the product. There is little or no backup, and the shortage reads as a supply-base failure rather than a demand spike.

Quiet market exit -- A labeler terminating NDCs in the Medicaid rebate programme for a drug that is not on the FDA shortage list. Frequently precedes a declared shortage.

Market open -- The soonest date a generic can actually launch: the latest of every patent and exclusivity gate for the ingredient plus originator.

Runway -- Months remaining until market open.

Staged generic -- A tentatively approved application waiting for protection to lapse.

Dormant market -- No marketed generic, protection long lapsed, first approval more than a decade ago. Looks like greenfield but usually is not.

Watch -- An item on your Radar.

Tier 1 alert -- One of the five Radar changes significant enough to send an email.

Lead list -- A working pipeline of records with statuses, notes and follow-ups.

Partial data -- A scan that did not complete. Reported as partial rather than as zero, so it never generates a false change signal.